Dissolution Performance of Carbon/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Prepared from Fish Scales

The utilization of waste as raw materials in the production functional is a growing area interest to promote global sustainable growth. This work studied microstructure, chemical properties, and phosphorus (P) dissolution efficiency carbon/hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocomposites derived from fish scale wastes, namely FSBCs. Tilapia scales were pyrolyzed at different temperatures (450–600 °C) performance biochars acidic media was evaluated. pyrolysis yielded which are carbon/HAP characteristics, including specific surface area, carbon content, degree crystallinity HAP, CO32− substitution HAP crystals, dependent on temperature had an influence efficiency. P experiments suggested that presence composite played important role during process. organic residues could potentially block calcium sites citric acid lower ratio CO32−/PO43− also affected dissolubility manipulation their these would allow us increase its solubility, benefit prospective application such fertilizer production.